Una concezione evoluzionistica della motivazione: implicazioni per il dialogo clinico

Titolo Rivista PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE
Autori/Curatori Mauricio Cortina, Giovanni Liotti
Anno di pubblicazione 2014 Fascicolo 2014/1
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 50 P. 23-72 Dimensione file 647 KB
DOI 10.3280/PU2014-001003
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Viene proposta una tassonomia di sistemi motivazionali di base (rettiliano, mammifero e neo-mammifero) emersi in diverse fasi nel corso di milioni di anni. Queste fasi non si sono sostituite le une alle altre, ma si sono riorganizzate nel cervello a diversi livelli gerarchici. Viene argomentato che (1) l’uomo è una specie ultra-cooperativa e che (2) un alto livello di cooperazione imprime una forte pressione selettiva per lo sviluppo di sofisticate forme di comunicazione intersoggettiva. Questi due sviluppi hanno avuto effetti a cascata sull’evoluzione, creando sia le condizioni per cui gli esseri umani sono diventati capaci di comprendere le intenzioni, i comportamenti, le emozioni e quindi la mente altrui, sia l’emergere del linguaggio e di modalità simboliche di evoluzione culturale. Vengono descritti i passaggi che portarono a questa strategia di sopravvivenza ultra-cooperativa e i loro meccanismi genetici, con particolare attenzione a un modello selettivo a più livelli, e vengono discusse le implicazioni per la psicoterapia e la psicoanalisi.;

Keywords:Motivazione, cooperazione, comunicazione intersoggettiva, selezione naturale a più livelli, psicoterapia

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