Early Network-based Action Against Violent Behaviors to Leverage victim Empowerment: Results from an action-research plan

Titolo Rivista RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA
Autori/Curatori Francesca Ranghetti, Sarah Miragoli, Paolo Giulini, Benedetta Rho, Laura Emiletti, Marina Contino, Elvira Tassone, Umberto Battaglia, Elisabetta Corbucci, Silvia Merli, Susanna Murru, Luca Milani
Anno di pubblicazione 2025 Fascicolo 2024/3
Lingua Inglese Numero pagine 24 P. 7-30 Dimensione file 0 KB
DOI 10.3280/rip2024oa18313
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Vedi l'articolo Scarica l'articolo open access

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche.

The ENABLE project, which aims to implement the ZEUS protocol at the national level, aims to activate specific interventions to prevent violence against women by going directly to individuals who have been admonished for domestic violence or stalking, thus implementing a system of protection towards victims. A second objective concerns the implementation of a training intervention aimed at project workers and law enforcement officers. The topic of gender-based violence, identification and management of situations at risk of escalation through the construction of shared operational practices was the subject of the training. Following the trainings, a quantitative survey was administered to law enforcement officers (both training participants and non-trainees) to assess their knowledge of the instrument of warning, referral to treatment and specific forms of gender-based victimization, use of referrals to treatment, and knowledge of gender-specific forms of victimization. The results showed significant differences between participants versus non-participants to ENABLE training, with respect to intervention effectiveness, awareness and knowledge related to the training. With regard to the admonished and petitioning parties, two different surveys were administered aimed at investigate, at the end of intake, clinical and individual adjustment variables (in terms of depression and posttraumatic symptoms, coping strategies, risk of victimization, and adverse childhood experiences). The results showed significant differences between the two groups (admonished versus instant parties), particularly with regard to the depressive and post-traumatic risk variables, with the instant parties being more likely to be exposed to this condition than the admonished.

The ENABLE project, which aims to implement the ZEUS protocol at the national level, aims to activate specific interventions to prevent violence against women by going directly to individuals who have been admonished for domestic violence or stalking, thus implementing a system of protection towards victims. A second objective concerns the implementation of a training intervention aimed at project workers and law enforcement officers. The topic of gender-based violence, identification and management of situations at risk of escalation through the construction of shared operational practices was the subject of the training. Following the trainings, a quantitative survey was administered to law enforcement officers (both training participants and non-trainees) to assess their knowledge of the instrument of warning, referral to treatment and specific forms of gender-based victimization, use of referrals to treatment, and knowledge of gender-specific forms of victimization. The results showed significant differences between participants versus non-participants to ENABLE training, with respect to intervention effectiveness, awareness and knowledge related to the training. With regard to the admonished and petitioning parties, two different surveys were administered aimed at investigate, at the end of intake, clinical and individual adjustment variables (in terms of depression and posttraumatic symptoms, coping strategies, risk of victimization, and adverse childhood experiences). The results showed significant differences between the two groups (admonished versus instant parties), particularly with regard to the depressive and post-traumatic risk variables, with the instant parties being more likely to be exposed to this condition than the admonished.

Parole chiave:; PV; Treatment of offenders; Admonishing; Victims protection

  1. Afifi, T. O., MacMillan, H., Cox, B. J., Asmundson, G. G., Stein, M. B. & Sareen, J. (2009). Mental health correlates of intimate partner violence in marital relationships in a nationally representative sample of males and females. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 1398-1417. DOI: 10.1177/0886 260508322192
  2. Beck, A. T.,Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M.,Mock, J. & Erbaugh, M. D. (1961). An Inventory for Measuring Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 4(6), 561-571. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
  3. Bonura, M. L. (2018). What kind of violence: knowing and coping with violence against women. Trento: Erickson study center editions.
  4. Bride, E. B. Robinson, M. M., Yegidis, B. L&Figley, C. (2004). Development and Validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Research on Social Work Practice, 14(1):27-35. DOI: 10.1177/1049731503254106
  5. Courtois, C. A. (1988). Healing the incest wound: Adult survivors in therapy. New York: Norton.
  6. Dardis, C. M., Amoroso, T., & Iverson, K. M. (2017). Intimate partner stalking: Contributions to PTSD symptomatology among a national sample of women veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(1), pp. 67-73. DOI: 10.1037/tra0000171
  7. Danieli, Y. (1988). Confronting the unimaginable: Psychotherapistsʼ reactions to victims of the Nazi Holocaust. In J. P. Wilson, Z. Harel, &B. Kahana (Eds.), Human adaptation to extreme stress: From the Holocaust to Vietnam, (219- 238). New York: Plenum.
  8. Dutton, M. A., & Rubinstein, F. L. (1995).Working with people with PTSD: Research implications. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized (pp. 82-100). NewYork: Brunner/Mazel.
  9. Figley, C. R. (Ed.). (1995). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  10. Finkelhor, D., Hamby, S. L., Ormrod, R. & Turner, H. (2005). The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: reliability, validity, and national norms. Child Abuse Neglect, 29(4), 383-412. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.11.001
  11. Garbarino, F., & Giulini, P. (2022). The treatment of offenders: the multidisciplinary approach in combating gender-based violence. Child Maltreatment and Abuse, 24(3), 37-60.
  12. Garbarino, F., & Giulini, P. (2020) Violence in close relationships. CIPMʼs restorative justice experience. In B.Pezzini & A. Lorenzetti, (Eds.) Gender violence from the Rocco Code to the Code Red. An itinerary of plural reflection through the complexity of the phenomenon. Turin: Giappichelli.
  13. Giannantonio M. (2003). Psychotraumatology and emergency psychology. Salerno: Ecomind.
  14. Haley, S. A. (1974). When the patient reports atrocities: Specific treatment considerations of the Vietnam veteran. Archives of General Psychiatry, 30, 191-196.
  15. Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery. NewYork: Basic Books.
  16. Toon, R. & Hart, B. (2005). Layers of Meaning: Domestic Violence and Law Enforcement Attitudesin. Arizona, Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women: Washington, DC.
  17. McCann, I. L., & Pearlmann, L. A. (1990). Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, pp. 131-149.
  18. Mignone, T, Pagani, E. Mahadeo, M., Klostermann, K. & Jones R. A. (2017). PTSD and Intimate Partner Violence: Clinical Considerations and Treatment Options. J Addict Med Ther Sci, 3(1), 001-006. DOI: 10.17352/2455-3484.000018
  19. Montano, A., & Flebus, G. B. (2006). Presentation of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second edition (BDI-II): Confirmation of the bifactorial structure in an Italian population sample. Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapy, 12(1), pp. 67-82.
  20. Lilly, M. M. (2010). Intimate Partner Violence and PTSD: The Moderating Role of Emotion-Focused Coping. Violence and Victims, 25(5), 604-610. DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.25.5.604
  21. Okuda, M., Olfson, M., Hasin, D., Grant, B.F., Lin, K.H., & Blanco, C. (2011). Mental health of victims of intimate partner violence: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychiatric Services, 62, 959-962. DOI: 10.1176/ps.62.8.pss6208_0959
  22. Page, A. D. (2008). Judging women and defining crime: police officersʼ attitudes toward women and rape. Sociological Spectrum, 28(4), 389-411, DOI: 10.1080/02732170802053621
  23. Pence, E., & Paymar, M. (1993). Education groups for men who batter: The Duluth model. Springer Publishing Company.
  24. Sica, C., Magni, C., Ghisi, M., Altoè, G., Sighinolfi, C., Chiri, L. R., & Franceschini, S. (2008). Coping Orientation to the Problems Experiences-new Italian version (COPE-NVI). Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapy, 14(1), 27-53.
  25. Kimber, M., Adham, S., Gill, S., McTavish, J., & MacMillan, H. L. (2018). The association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and perpetration of IPV in adulthood-A systematic review. Child abuse & neglect, 76, 273-286.
  26. Weiss, D. S. (2007). The Impact of Event Scale: Revised. In J. P.Wilson & C. S.- k. Tang (Eds.), Cross-cultural assessment of psychological trauma and PTSD, (pp. 219-238). Springer Science + Business Media. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387- 70990-1_10
  27. Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. In J. P.Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD (pp. 399-411). New York: Guilford.
  28. Widom, C. S., & Wilson, H. W. (2014). Intergenerational transmission of violence. Violence and mental health: Its manifold faces, (pp. 27-45).
  29. ARES Association APS (https://www.centroares.com/).
  30. Italian Center for the Promotion of Mediation (www.cipm.it). CRIdee (https://centridiricerca.unicatt.it/CRIdee).
  31. State Police - Anti-Crime Division (https://www.interno.gov.it/it/ministero/dipartimenti/dipartimento- pubblica-sicurezza/direzione-centrale-anticrimine-polizia-stato).
  32. https://www.cipm.it/enable/ (project landing page).

Francesca Ranghetti, Sarah Miragoli, Paolo Giulini, Benedetta Rho, Laura Emiletti, Marina Contino, Elvira Tassone, Umberto Battaglia, Elisabetta Corbucci, Silvia Merli, Susanna Murru, Luca Milani, Early Network-based Action Against Violent Behaviors to Leverage victim Empowerment: Results from an action-research plan in "RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA" 3/2024, pp 7-30, DOI: 10.3280/rip2024oa18313