Resource dependence in football clubs: An analysis of the interplay between capital gains from athletes and media revenues in Italian Serie A League

Journal title CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
Author/s Gianluca Antonucci, Gaetano Spera
Publishing Year 2024 Issue 2024/2
Language English Pages 19 P. 11-29 File size 0 KB
DOI 10.3280/cgrds2-2024oa16960
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

This study delves into the financial strategies of Italian Serie A football clubs, focusing on the relationship between revenues obtained through the sale of players' tags and those from broadcasting and media rights. Using Resource Dependence Theory (RDT) as lens, this research aims to understand how clubs strategically manage these two critical revenue streams amidst external pressures and dependencies. The analysis of balance sheet data, from nine clubs over eight seasons, reveals a significant negative correlation between the two variables for “long-lasting” clubs, suggesting a potential shift in strategies in response to external market conditions, while it finds different results from incoming and/or growing ones. The findings offer insights for stakeholders in the football industry, emphasizing the need for agile management and governance structures.

Keywords: ; Resource Dependence Theory; Football Clubs; Serie A; Capital Gains; Media Revenues; Financial Strategy

  1. Andreff W. (2018). Financial and Sporting Performance in French Football Ligue 1 Influence on the Players’ Market. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(4): 3-20. DOI: 10.3390/ijfs6040091
  2. Barney J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1): 99-120. DOI: 10.1177/014920639101700108
  3. Bianchi L.A., Corrado D. (2004). I bilanci delle società di calcio. Le ragioni di una crisi. Milano: EGEA.
  4. Casciaro T., Piskorski M.J. (2005). Power imbalance, mutual dependence, and constraint absorption: A closer look at resource dependence theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(2): 167-199. DOI: 10.2189/asqu.2005.50.2.167
  5. Chadwick S., Hamil S. (2009). Managing football: An international perspective. London: Routledge.
  6. Corsi S., Serpellini S. (2017). La dea della giovinezza. Atalanta, un vivaio di uomini e campioni. Bergamo: Bolis Edizioni.
  7. Cox A., Philippou C. (2022). Measuring the resilience of English Premier league clubs to economic recessions. Soccer & Society, 23(4-5): 482-499. DOI: 10.1080/14660970.2022.2059858
  8. Dantas F., Borges A., Silva R. (2020). Impact of UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League on Financial Sustainability ‒ Case Study of Two Small Football Portuguese Teams. Sustainability, 12(21), 9213. DOI: 10.3390/su12219213
  9. Davis G.F., Cobb J.A. (2010). “Chapter 2 Resource dependence theory: Past and future”. In Bird Schoonhoven C., Dobbin F. (Eds.) Stanford’s Organization Theory Renaissance, 1970-2000, Leeds: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 21-42.
  10. Deloitte (2023). Annual Review of Football Finance 2023. Deloitte UK.
  11. Dobson S., Goddard J. (2011). The economics of football. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  12. Garcia del Barrio P., Pujol F. (2016). Broadcasting revenues and media value in European football. Economics Discussion Papers 2016-36. -- Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142773.
  13. Gravina G. (2011). Il bilancio d’esercizio e l’analisi delle performance nelle società di calcio professionistiche. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  14. Hall R.H., Tolbert P.S. (2008). Organizations: Structures, processes, and outcomes. New York: Routledge.
  15. Hill J., Vincent J. (2006). Globalization and sports branding: The case of Manchester United. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 7(3): 61-78. DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-07-03-2006-B003
  16. Hillman A.J., Withers M.C., Collins B.J. (2009). Resource Dependence Theory: A Review. Journal of Management, 35(6): 1404-1427. DOI: 10.1177/ 0149206309343469
  17. Law number 91 of March 1981. -- Text available at the website https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1981/03/27/081U0091/sg,11/21/2023
  18. Legislative Decree number 9 of January 2008. -- Text available at the website https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2008-02-01&atto.codiceRedazionale=008G0019&elenco30giorni=false,11/19/2023.
  19. Lucidarme S., Babiak K., Willem A. (2018). Governmental power in elite sport networks: a resource-dependency perspective. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(3): 348-372. DOI: 10.1080/16184742.2017.1405998
  20. Malatesta D., Smith C.R. (2014). Lessons from Resource Dependence Theory for Contemporary Public and Nonprofit Management. Public Administration Review, 74: 14-25. DOI: 10.1111/puar.12181
  21. Mancin M. (2009). Il bilancio delle società sportive professionistiche. Padova: Cedam.
  22. Matesanz D., Holzmayer F., Torgler B., Schmidt S.L., Ortega G.J. (2018). Transfer market activities and sportive performance in European first football leagues: A dynamic network approach. PLoS ONE, 13(12), e0209362. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209362
  23. Morrow S. (2004). The people’s game? Football, finance, and society. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  24. Neri L., Russo A., Di Domizio M., Rossi G. (2021). Football players and asset ma-nipulation: the management of football transfers in Italian Serie A, European Sport Management Quarterly, 23(4): 942-962. DOI: 10.1080/16184742.2021.1939397
  25. Nienhüser W. (2008). Resource Dependence Theory. How Well Does It Explain Behavior of Organizations? Management Revue, 19(1/2): 9-32.
  26. Ortlieb R., Sieben B. (2008). Diversity Strategies Focused on Employees with a Migration Background: An Empirical Investigation Based on Resource Dependence Theory. Management Revue, 19(1/2): 70-93.
  27. Ozturk O. (2021) Bibliometric review of resource dependence theory literature: an overview. Management Review Quarterly, 71: 525-552. DOI: 10.1007/s11301-020-00192-8
  28. Pfeffer J., Salancik G.R. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  29. Pino M. (2022). Come funziona l’assegnazione dei diritti TV in Serie A?. Social Media Soccer. -- Text available at the website https://www.socialmediasoccer.com/it/ articolo/come-funziona-lassegnazione-dei-diritti-tv-in-serie-a.html, 01/11/2024.
  30. Ratten V. (2021). Family business and sport entrepreneurship. Journal of Family Business Management, 11(3): 300-312. DOI: 10.1108/JFBM-01-2021-0001
  31. Redazione Calcio e Finanza (2023). Eventi sportivi: come funzionano i diritti televisivi dal vivo in Italia e in Europa. Calcio e Finanza of 09/13/2023. -- https://www.calcioefinanza.it/2023/09/13/eventi-sportivi-come-funzionano-i-diritti-televisivi-dal-vivo-in-italia-e-in-europa/.
  32. Redazione Milano Finanza (2023). Calcio, i diritti tv della serie A: come funzionano e chi li assegna. Milano Finanza of 11/01/2023. -- https://www.milanofinanza.it/ news/spiegazione-calcio-diritti-tv-serie-a-come-funzionano-e-chi-li-assegna-202310311840541099.
  33. Scelles N., Durand C., Bonnal L., Goyeau D., Andreff W. (2013). My team is in contention? Nice, I go to the stadium! Competitive intensity in the French football Ligue 1. Economics Bulletin, 33(3): 2365-2378.
  34. Slack T., Hinings B. (1994). Institutional pressures and isomorphic change: An empirical test. Organization Studies, 15(6): 803-827. DOI: 10.1177/017084069401500601
  35. Sowe S. (2019). Considering Football Teams from a Resource Dependency Theory Perspective. Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Sports, 43: 1-8. DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/43-01
  36. Stenheim T., Henriksen A.G., Stensager C.M.S., Grønseth B.O., Madsen D. (2020). Broadcasting Revenues and Sporting Success in European Football: Evidence from the Big Five Leagues. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 22(4): 74-88. DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v22i4.2909
  37. UEFA (2023). What UEFA does, UEFA. -- Text available at the website https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/what-uefa-does/, 01/15/2024.
  38. Ulrich D., Barney J.B. (1984). Perspectives in Organizations: Resource Dependence, Efficiency, and Population. Academy of Management Review, 9(3): 471-481. DOI: 10.2307/258287
  39. Ünsal E. (2023). How the UEFA Champions League divided Europe and harmed competitive balance within domestic leagues. Soccer & Society, 24(4): 492-508. DOI: 10.1080/14660970.2023.2194513
  40. Wicker P., Vos S., Scheerder J., Breuer C. (2013). The link between resource problems and interorganizational relationships: A quantitative study of Western European sport clubs. Managing Leisure, 18(1): 31-45. DOI: 10.1080/13606719.2012.742226
  41. Wilson R., Plumley D., Ramchandani G. (2013). The relationship between ownership structure and club performance in the English Premier League. Sport, Business and Management, 3(1): 19-36. DOI: 10.1108/20426781311316889
  42. Winand M., Zintz T., Bayle E., Robinson L. (2010). Organizational performance of Olympic sport governing bodies: dealing with measurement and priorities. Managing Leisure, 15(4): 279-307. DOI: 10.1080/13606719.2010.508672
  43. Yeager V.A., Menachemi N., Savage G.T., Ginter P.M., Sen B.P., Beitsch L.M. (2014). Using resource dependency theory to measure the environment in health care organizational studies: a systematic review of the literature. Health care management review, 39(1): 50-65. DOI: 10.1097/HMR.0b013e3182826624

Gianluca Antonucci, Gaetano Spera, Resource dependence in football clubs: An analysis of the interplay between capital gains from athletes and media revenues in Italian Serie A League in "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT STUDIES" 2/2024, pp 11-29, DOI: 10.3280/cgrds2-2024oa16960